the emperors new car :: essays research papers

The President's Old Cars Once upon a time in the very country you live in, there was a president who learned a lesson the hard way. See the president loved cars, new cars, fast cars, slow cars, rusted out cars, it didn't matter, if he saw a car he wanted, he bought it. Most other leaders were helping their countries to become stronger, while ours was off buying cars. Then there came that memorable day when our president learned his lesson.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While out shopping for new cars, the president came across one he didn't have. It was a 1986 Ford Escort. It was all rusty, missing hubcaps, and squeaked as he drove it down the road. But while talking to the car salesman, he never worried about what was wrong with it. The salesman (trying to get rid of this piece of junk) told the president that this car was in great shape and there would probably never be another car like this one. He also told the president that if anyone tried to tell him that this car was loud and smoked that they were just jealous and making it up. The president, happy to hear that someone might be jealous of him bought the car right away with his country's money.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On his way home people lined the streets to see his new purchase. Many laughed and pointed as his Escort smoked putted along the street. The president remembering what the car salesman had said thought these people were just jealous and pretending that his car was making all the smoke and noise. So he proudly drove around his 4-speed car through the streets ignoring everyone that laughed at him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now during the time the president was out buying new cars the American people more money because their jobs weren't paying enough. The president was giving less and less money every time he gave out money, so he would have money to buy a new car. The fact that his people were starting to starve didn't bother him at all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A couple of weeks later he was out to buy another car. He went back to the salesman that had sold him the Escort earlier. The president told the salesman that people actually laughed at his previous purchase. Then the salesman and president laughed because they were sure that those people were just jealous and making that stuff up about the car.

He Loved Light, Freedom and Animals and Pneuomconiosis Essay

Both poems are about death and the acceptance of death although are written from different perspectives and are different for the fact that in â€Å"He loved light, freedom and animals† by Mike Jenkins the young boy’s death was quite a shock, but it could have been prevented whereas in â€Å"Pneumoconiosis† written by Duncan Bush the man’s death is inevitable, there is nothing he can do to change it. Both poems also have connection with coalmines. Pneumoconiosis is a disease caught from working down in the mines, and the background of â€Å"He loved light, freedom and animals† is about a mining disaster that happened in Aberfan where a slag heap on the side of a mountain collapsed and engulfed parts of the small town. The first poem I studied was Pneumoconiosis, and as the title suggests, the poem is about the killing lung disease that many coalminers suffered and died from. â€Å"Pneumoconiosis† was renames â€Å"The Dust† by the sufferers because it was mainly caused by inhalation of a lot of dust. The dust would get trapped in the lungs and made breathing difficult, and eventually killed after many years of effecting collier’s lives. Duncan Bush wrote in the form of an old retired coalminer who is slowly dying from the disease. The elderly man is now feeling the effects of the disease more than ever. He shows his feelings towards the disease and reflects to his past. The poor man worked down in the mines for thirty years without realising the fatality of his coughing and breathing difficulties but now he begins to see the truth, he’s now walking at a much slower pace and can not talk as fast and fluent. The constant repetition of the line â€Å"I try not to think about it† gives us the impression that in the back of his mind he cannot help the feeling of ominous foreboding that his life will soon be coming to an end. He is worried about when his death will come but doesn’t want the remainder of his life to be a misery. The opening line, â€Å"This is the Dust† is an introduction to the illness, it simply tells us what the whole poem and the title is about. The second line then describes it as â€Å"Black diamond dust†. It is a good way of describing the dust from the coal, as coal is similar to diamond in many ways. They are both valuable, and a fair amount of coal sparkles, as diamonds do. We understand that the man came from the South Wales valleys; the poet shows this by adding â€Å"boy† at the end of the line and uses informal English to punctuate his accent which symbolizes the location of the industry. It is a personal poem, Darren Bush is writing in the first person as though he is the old man telling his story â€Å"I had thirty years in it†. This is affective because we can relate with his character better by understanding what he is going through and feeling. The man was happy in his work back in the day; he didn’t have the slightest idea that one day working there would lead him to his death. â€Å"A laughing red mouth† He would be covered at work in black dirt, and his mouth would stand out, as it was the only clean part of him. We realize the first symptoms of his illness when he used to â€Å"spit smuts black† but obviously, he was unaware and didn’t realize the cause of his spluttering. The poet uses alliteration to describe the young collier suffering, the hard constant â€Å"s† conveys the way the sound the man made and it stands out. In the second verse, the man continues telling us about the disease he suffers from and points out the fact that he accepts it and he bravely admits he will die with it. The poet cleverly uses the line â€Å"it’s had forty years in me now† which follows the line â€Å"I had thirty years in it†. This shows that he is quite old, because he retired ten years ago. The disease isn’t only affecting his inside; his illness is visible – â€Å"like my blued scars†. The scars are a part of him that won’t go away, he can not erase them. The sufferer tells us how he gets by from day to day and how things have changed since he’s been ill in the third verse. There are a few pauses in the third stanza which conveys the shortness of breath the man has. â€Å"One step at a time; especially the stairs.† It is quite jerky, as I can imagine his breathing and talking would be like. He then goes on to talk about his past and his experiences. His own brother also died of Pneumoconiosis, so he knows what he is facing. He explains that he saw his brothers last moment, which I think is very emotional. Although he seems calm, he must be quite frightened that he will be going through the same thing. He doesn’t want to let the image of his brother that will always be with him scare him. The description the poet uses about the brother’s last moment are very good, and give us a vivid image of how much he struggled – â€Å"worse than a hooked carp drowning in the air†. The last three lines of the poem are very emotional and sad, he emphasises his slow walk and the occasional cough he lets out involuntary by telling people to know him as that man. This shows that the illness has effected him so much, he is different to a lot people when he used to be as healthy as the rest. After reading the poem, I admire the character in the poem because he can handle and accept his death, rather than complain and give up all hope. He is trying to lead his life as normal as possible and trying not to make the last of his life a misery which I respect. Another poem I studied was â€Å"He loved light, freedom and animals†. Mike Jenkins writes as if he is the father and he reminisces and remembers happy memories he shared with his son. He doesn’t believe that his son is dead and in his mind the boy is still as lively as ever. The disaster of Aberfan happened on the 21st of October in 1966. The slagheap was balancing on a mountain overlooking the small village. The flood of waste had slipped and rushed down the mountain shattering homes, farms and the village school, which killed 116 young villagers. Critics say that the disaster should never had happened and young, innocent people’s lives such as the character in the poems son shouldn’t have been lost. The poem contains many good descriptions that create strong images of both the child and the slag heap. This creates a good balance of positive and negative emotion in the poem. The images of the slagheap and the child are a complete contrast to one another; the descriptions of the boy are happy and beautiful foe example â€Å"his eyes gleamed as gorse-flowers do now† whereas the slagheap is described by the use of dark, depressing phrases such as â€Å"tumour on the hillside burst and the black blood coal†. The unpleasant phrase of the tumour growing on the top of the mountain reminds us of illness and gives us the thought people would want to stay as far away from it as possible. But tumours can be detected and defused, like the slagheap, it could have been manually moved but nobody had thought of the consequences until it was too late. The poet refers to the characters son throughout the poem, almost in every stanza which I believe makes the poem very interesting. It also shows that he will always think of his son, and will not give up the happy thoughts. He remembers the things he used to do when he was happiest. His son would be â€Å"in the classroom waving an answer like a greeting†. This emphasises how very enthusiastic and eager the boy was and obviously he was a pupil who enjoyed school, but it was there where he had died. When the poor boy was pulled out, the poet writes that his son must have been â€Å"like a child collier, dragged out of one of Bute’s mines.† A child collier would have been in a very dangerous job, and often lost their lives. They would come out of the mines hurt and covered in black dust but his son wasn’t a collier, he was at school. School is meant to be a safe place, but not for the pupils on the day of the disaster. A good example of a simile in the poem is the one about the son and his mother shown in the last stanza. â€Å"Ears attuned as a ewe’s in lambing.† The connection the boy had with his mother was like no other, his mother can still hear his laugh and like and ewe and a lamb, she was attuned to her son. This is a good way of showing that they were close, and his mother is lost without him. She will always recognize his laugh, and can still hear it clearly in her head. The parents of the boy will always remember him as they last seen him, young, healthy and happy. They will be hearing his â€Å"laughs springing down the slopes† for a long time. Mike Jenkins uses personification in his poem to make it more alive and colourful. An example of him using personification is shown in the fourth verse, he creates a character out of the slagheap when the poet describes it s if it has a â€Å"greedy belly† that ate up all the children and villagers. The tone of the poem is conversational, the father tells us as the reader about his son, and about his son’s death. It’s a dramatic poem, and is very emotional. Both negative and Positive feelings are shown in the poem. Although the theme of the poem is sad, the lines about the boy are happy; they are lines that bring a smile to the reader’s faces. In a way this makes us feel even sorrier for the father and makes it more emotional. The lines about the slag heap are bitter, expressing the father’s feelings towards it. In my opinion, the fact that the poem begins with a line about the grave â€Å"No grave can contain him† and then ends with a line about the grave â€Å"I try to foster the inscription, away from its stubborn stone† is clever. It emphasizes the fact that he is in his grave and will not do the things that were mentioned in the middle of the poem, he will not be â€Å"climbing a tree† again or â€Å"calling out names†. I personally enjoyed reading this poem because I felt I could relate to the father, as it was from a personal point of view and can relate to the loss of someone special. It was very emotional and made me sympathize for the mother and father. It was unfair for the innocent, fragile boy to die in such a horrific accident and it made me angry that people had not thought of the consequences they were facing by putting the slagheap on top of the mountain. Both poems are very successful in creating sad emotions, and also anger and frustration. In He loved Light, Freedom and Animals, anger is created because the boy and his classmates were so young when they died, and they didn’t deserve to have their lives taken away. In Pneumoconiosis, anger is created because the old man had been affected by the dust silently, and is expecting his death. This is very frustrating, as there is nothing we as the reader can do to change what has happened and what is going to happen. In my opinion, He love Light, Freedom, and Animals made the biggest impact to my emotions. As the child was only young, it is easy to relate to, and it makes the reader realize that life can be cut so short, although Pneumoconiosis is also very emotional, as the reader acknowledges the long term effects miners suffer. He has been, and is still fighting bravely but he knows he can’t hold on forever.

Maternal Fetal Attachment Theory Essay - 659 Words

Attachment theory was developed by psychoanalyst John Bowlby in the 1950s to focus on the bond formed between a mother and child; this first relationship is critical in determining a child’s developmental outcome and it is indicative of the child’s future relationships (Brooks, 2013). A parent and child can develop a secure attachment or fall into one of three insecure attachment styles: anxious-avoidant attachments, anxious-resistant attachments, and disorganized/disoriented attachments. Children with secure attachments seem happy and secure around the parent, and become distressed when they leave often seeking out their parents. With anxious-avoidant attachments child finds parent over stimulating thus uninterested when the parent leaves†¦show more content†¦This stage was conducted while the women were between 24-28 weeks pregnant. The newborns intrauterine growth was then measured by calculating the baby’s birth weight to his gestational age. This le d them to receive a rating of 1 (one or more adverse outcomes) or 0 (no adverse outcome). Mothers for the next seven days completed an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) that measures depressive symptoms after pregnancy. To measure the mothers’ attachment style a 40-item questionnaire was completed. Lastly, the Ages and Stages questionnaire was completed; these questionnaires were used to measure the developmental milestones of the children like gross and fine motor skills. Questionnaires were handed out at 1 month of age and ended at 5  ½ years old (Alhusen, Hayat Gross, 2013). The data collected was analyzed using IBM SPSS and SAS. From this Alhusen, Hayat and Gross (2013) hypothesis showed some significance; those mothers reporting lower MFA and higher post partum depressive symptomatology practiced either an avoidant or anxious maternal attachment style. An univariate analyses similarly showed a relation between lower MFA with an early predictor of childhood d evelopmental delays; â€Å"Women reporting increased attachment avoidance, increased attachment anxiety, or post-partum depressiveShow MoreRelatedBonding : Maternal Infant Attachment And The Maternal Role Attainment Theory1707 Words   |  7 Pagesblock of a theory. Concepts are necessary components of a phenomenon, which are used to comprehend and be synthesized into a theory or paradigm. (McEwen, M. Wills, E.M.) According to McEwen Wills concept exploration, concept clarification, and concept analysis are three strategies described by Meleis in 2012. These are used in nursing theory, research and practice to develop conceptual meanings. (McEwen, M. Wills, E.M.) This concept exploration paper will focus on Bonding: maternal-infantRead MoreJohn Bowlby s Theory Of Attachment1423 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Bowlby’s theory of attachment asserts that an infant forms an attachment to the primary caregiver to ensure survival. Developmental psychologist Mary Ainsworth furt hered this idea by devising attachment styles in infants. Ainsworth believed that the quality of care given by the mother or primary caregiver results in the infant developing a secure or insecure attachment. Ainsworth identified three attachment styles, namely; secure, avoidant and anxious/ambivalent attachments. As the word infersRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Life Development Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pagescultural and chronological similarities and differences, make up our developmental timeline, with everyone’s being unique. Theories of development to make sense of such complexity have been made including Freud’s psychosexual stages, Erikson’s psychosocial stages, ecological theory, ethological theory and one that attempts to incorporate or use them all, the eclectic theory. With many methods of collecting data and time span research we can identify patterns and offer solutions to many problems.Read MoreThe Theory Of Human Life Development Essay1576 Words   |  7 Pagescultural and chronological similarities and differences, make up our developmental timeline, with everyone’s being unique. Theories on development to make sense of such complexity have been made including Freud’s psychosexual stages, Erikson’s psychosocial stages, ecological theory, ethological theory and one that attempts to incorporate or use them all, the eclectic theory. With many methods of collecting data and time span research we can identify patterns and offer solutions to man problems. HoweverRead MoreThe Importance Of A Substance Abuse Treatment Group Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of proposing a substance abuse treatment group was to break the barriers that mother-child relationships may face in result to maternal addiction and substance-abuse. Treatment that is geared for maternal addicted mothers can help them recover quickly and protect their infant children from the dangers of drugs and health consequences. The program w ill be gender specific, distinctively for substance-dependent women who are mothers. The group will conduct its work by following through aRead MoreSociocultural Theory in Early Childhood Development Essay849 Words   |  4 Pagesthat development occurs through these interactions.† (Morrison, 2009 sec 14.6) I agree that his theory is the best process for learning. Many people feel that social interaction and learning begin at birth, but there have been research conducted that fetus can learn through parental interaction. According to Fetal memory â€Å"Prenatal memory may be important for the development of attachment and other maternal recognition. There is much evidence that the fetus learns the speech characteristics of its motherRead More Eating Disorders and Pregnancy Essay2138 Words   |  9 Pages Pregnancy has also been suspected as a cause of anorexia nervosa in young mothers. One case study (Benton-Hardy and Lock 1998) had as its subject a 17-year-old femal e who was a symptomatic prior to pregnancy. Most psychological and social theories of anorexia nervosa have focused on the developmental pressures that challenge adolescent girls. Pregnancy, which causes profound physical, emotional, and cognitive changes, could represent an amplification of these developmental pressures. PhysicallyRead MoreHow Does Your Understanding of Attachment Theory and Maternal Deprivation Inform Your Understanding of Nursing/Midwifery Practice?2701 Words   |  11 PagesHow does your understanding of attachment theory and maternal deprivation inform your understanding of nursing/midwifery practice? â€Å"The relationship between mothers and infants is critical for child development. For whatever reason, in some cases, that relationship doesn’t develop normally. Neglect and abuse can result, with devastating effects on a child’s development† (Strathearn, 2008) A psychological perspective of attachment is a term to describe a reciprocal emotional tie that developsRead MoreThe Education Counseling Program At La Verne1172 Words   |  5 Pages Perry, Attachment, and Brain Development Allison V. Alvizuri University of La Verne  Before coming into the Educational Counseling program at La Verne, I had taken a few courses in child development and psychology, but never did I think about the trauma that could affect a child’s early development. I assumed that it was easier for a child at a younger age to forget about what they had experienced because they were too young to form an attachment, especially for infants; how could an infantRead MoreThe Mircle of Life- Prenatal Development Essay2135 Words   |  9 Pagescells (Eisenberg, Murkoff, Hathaway, 2002). The fetus is not immune from the outside world. In fact, some things can be damaging to the unborn child. These are called teratogens, and often result in birth defects. They include such things as maternal disease, poor nutrition, stress, pollutants, and cigarette smoking. Some of the most troubling teratogens are alcohol and drugs. It is critical to the development of the fetus that expectant mothers avoid teratogens, and receive good prenatal care

Edgar Allan Poes Philosophy of Death

Ralph Waldo Emerson once wrote: Talent alone cannot make the writer. There must be a man behind the book. There was a man behind The Cask of Amontillado, The Fall of the House of Usher, The Black Cat, and poems like Annabel Lee, A Dream Within a Dream, and  The Raven. That man—Edgar Allan Poe—was talented, but he was also eccentric and prone to alcoholism—having experienced more than his share of tragedies. But, what stands out even more prominently than the tragedy of Edgar Allan Poes life is his philosophy of death. Early Life Orphaned at the age of two,  Edgar Allan Poe was taken in by John Allan. Although Poes foster father educated him and provided for him, Allan eventually disinherited him. Poe was left penniless, earning a meager living by writing reviews, stories, literary criticism, and poetry. All of his writing and his editorial work was not enough to bring him and his family above the level of mere subsistence, and his drinking made it difficult for him to hold a job. Inspiration for Horror Arising from such a stark background, Poe has become a classical phenomenon, known for the gothic horror  he created in The Fall of the House of Usher and other works. Who can forget The Tell-Tale Heart and The Cask of Amontillado? Every Halloween those stories come to haunt us. On the darkest night, when we sit around the campfire and tell horrible tales, Poes stories of horror, grotesque death, and madness are told again. Why did he write about such horrible events? About the calculated and murderous entombment of Fortunato, as he writes, A succession of loud and shrill screams, bursting suddenly from the throat of the chained form, seemed to thrust me violently back. For a brief moment—I trembled. Was it disillusionment with life that drove him to these grotesque scenes? Or was it some acceptance that death was inevitable and horrible, that it sneaks up like a thief in the night, leaving madness and tragedy in its wake? Or, is it something more to do with the last lines of The Premature Burial? There are moments when, even to the sober eye of Reason, the world of our sad Humanity may assume the semblance of a Hell... Alas! The grim legion of sepulchral terrors cannot be regarded as altogether fanciful... they must sleep, or they will devour us—they must be suffered to slumber, or we perish. Perhaps death offered some answer for Poe. Perhaps escape. Perhaps only more questions—about why he still lived, why his life was so hard, why his genius was so little recognized. He died as he had lived: a tragic, pointless death. Found in the gutter, apparently the victim of an election gang who used alcoholics to vote for their candidate. Taken to a hospital, Poe died four days later and was buried in a Baltimore cemetery next to his wife. If he was not well-loved in his time (or at least not as well-appreciated as he might have been), his tales at least have taken on a life of their own. Hes recognized as the founder of the detective story (for works like The Purloined Letter, the best of his detective stories). He has influenced culture and literature; and his figure is placed beside the literary greats in history for his poetry, literary criticism, stories, and other works. His view of death may have been filled with darkness, foreboding, and disillusionment. But, his works have lasted beyond the horror to become classics.

Is Diabetes Mellitus A Serious Condition - 917 Words

Diabetes mellitus is a serious condition that has been spreading around the world. Researchers are interested in this condition because it presents a challenge. The goal of diabetes mellitus is to manage the amount of glucose in the blood. Researchers have come up with data driven models to help manage the glucose in patient’s blood. In 2011, millions of cases of diabetes had been reported across the world by the World Health Organization. Many complications in the body can come as a result of diabetes. Diabetes affects the nervous and reproductive systems along with cardiac and urinary functions. Disability and death at an earlier age are also results of diabetes that is not treated properly or at all. These complications urge researchers to perfect the treatment for diabetes. There are two problems when it comes to controlling glucose in a person’s blood. The two problems are trying to make the number of glucose measurements more consistent and the type of therapy nee ded to help control the glucose in a patient’s blood. Sequential patterns are a new application that has been proposed to help doctors and diabetic patients. There is one main advantage to the sequential patterns. The article says the advantage is the transparency of the model. These patterns can be easily understood by physicians. The sequential patterns were used to tie information together and make patterns between different hospitals. Mining diabetes data is used with sequential patterns. The patternsShow MoreRelatedDiabetes Mellitus : A Serious Medical Condition1356 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes Mellitus is a serious medical condition that can significantly affect the lives of individuals and lead to other medical complications. It has become a national health priority area due to the high number of individuals affected and the costs it places on the health care system. 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Diabetes mellitus is also a contributing factor of development of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, renal failure, blindness, and stroke as individuals’ age. There are 3 different types of diabetes mellitus, type 1diabetes mellitus

How Well Did the English Exchequer Function in the Essay Example For Students

How Well Did the English Exchequer Function in the Essay Twelfth Century?How Well Did the English Exchequer Function in the Twelfth Century?The English exchequer was the central board responsible for all incomings and out goings into the royal treasury. It arrived with the Normans andwas the first system of centralized revenue extraction to appear that althoughcrude was adirect predecessor to the modern one. The information on how the Exchequer functioned as a method ofinstitutionalised revenue extraction is from the The course of the Exchequerwritten by Richard son of Nigel. The text provides a one sided argument intothe merits of the Exchequer as Richard himself is the treasurer. The text iswritten in a typically classical dialogue style with a master dictating to hisscholar. Richard also presents himself as a well educated and intelligent manthrough his grasp of Latin and his quotations from Biblical and classical textsas well as alluding to philosophy through his talk of logic. The interesting proposition therefore is who was interested in such acomplicated text and why was it produced. The system of the Exchequer was acomplex one that would have been understood by few at the time. By attemptingto describe this system in a way that presents it as equitable, it could haveconvinced the Barons and others paying taxes of the validity and fairness of asystem of which they would have had little comprehension. This would also behelped by Richards apparently good grasp of the area. The Exchequer board was the highest office that could be obtained in theroyal circle and was the most powerful and prestigious as it presided over allfinancial matters. It allowed records to be formed and general standards to bemaintained. The ultimate power of the exchequer is aptly put in the textwhere your treasure is, there will your heart be also. The Exchequer had a greater role than just recording revenue as itprovided a forum where judgments could be made and disputes about financialmatters could be settled. It also saw commands depersonalized through the useof writs which can be described as the routinization of charisma (Clanchy,1979). The King no longer had to have any direct influence over a command andsome form of general standard could be applied. In command of the Exchequer was the Kings Chief Justiciar who waseffectively second in command from the King. He presided over the whole boardand was the only one besides the king himself who could reverse decisions oncethey had been made. Any writs from the treasury for payment and expenditure hadto be authorized by him. The exchequer was structured into a lower and higher board whichcontained various officials, Kings dignitaries, clerks and scribes to ensurethat any decisions that were reached were recorded accurately. The members whoplayed an active role in the exchequer were the tallies clerk who held all thecounter tallies of receipt, an accountant who used the actual exchequer boardand counters to record all financial in comings and out goings and the treasurerwho recorded all goings on. Above all these men were scribes who recorded againprecisely what was written down and to ensure that this was correct theychecked it against each other at the conclusion of the session. Other important officials that sat on the exchequer board were thechancellor who was the keeper of the kings official signature, his seal. Another was the constable who had to witness all writs as well as sort outpayment to the kings various mercenaries and wage earners. Chamberlainsperformed the task of collating the account into a forel and then presentingthem to the treasury on behalf of the sheriff of a particular county. There wasa Marshall responsible for arresting any debtor who had failed to pay. .u69ee8b4de8621fd32901049ef915ab89 , .u69ee8b4de8621fd32901049ef915ab89 .postImageUrl , .u69ee8b4de8621fd32901049ef915ab89 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u69ee8b4de8621fd32901049ef915ab89 , .u69ee8b4de8621fd32901049ef915ab89:hover , .u69ee8b4de8621fd32901049ef915ab89:visited , .u69ee8b4de8621fd32901049ef915ab89:active { border:0!important; } .u69ee8b4de8621fd32901049ef915ab89 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u69ee8b4de8621fd32901049ef915ab89 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u69ee8b4de8621fd32901049ef915ab89:active , .u69ee8b4de8621fd32901049ef915ab89:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u69ee8b4de8621fd32901049ef915ab89 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u69ee8b4de8621fd32901049ef915ab89 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u69ee8b4de8621fd32901049ef915ab89 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u69ee8b4de8621fd32901049ef915ab89 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u69ee8b4de8621fd32901049ef915ab89:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u69ee8b4de8621fd32901049ef915ab89 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u69ee8b4de8621fd32901049ef915ab89 .u69ee8b4de8621fd32901049ef915ab89-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u69ee8b4de8621fd32901049ef915ab89:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Wal mart EssayA significant part of the system were the tally sticks that were givenas receipts for any payment. The sticks were notched in different waysaccording to the amount being recorded. This stick was then split in two withthe debtor receiving half and the other portion tied together to form totals. Receipts were probably given in this way as they were more likely to survive andin a time of relatively widespread illiteracy easier to understand. Thissimplistic method was very precise as can be seen by its continual use up untilthe nineteenth century. The accounts were formed by a clerk who made out the account using coinsfor counters on the exchequer board which was essentially like an abacus. Thisappears to have been a very complicated process. The counters are placed in thedesired position and then the figures were called out and recorded by a scribewhich must have been extremely hard work. The treasury received all accountfrom the sheriffs of different counties and were written onto a role. In allthree separate roles were kept. Being on the board of the exchequer appears to have involved long hoursand a high degree of pressure. In the course of the exchequer it is statedthatthe treasurer, indeed, is beset by so many constant great cares andanxieties, that he cannot be blamed if sleep sometimes over takes him in themiddle of it all.The general problems faced by the exchequer would best be summed up bythe textMoreover, in human affairs scarcely anything is absolutely perfect.The exchequer even if limited by technology capable of adding the figures wasultimately aided by its reliance on human endeavor. It appears that itfunctioned by accountability, that is each members accountability to another. This occurred from the scribes and the clerks right up to the chief justiciarand ultimately the King. TheExchequer functioned as a bureaucraticorganization with records being written and taxes collected in an organised,literate way and was not only a sign of the development of a feudal system inEngland but as a precursor to the modern state. ReferencesClanchy M. T, From Memory to Written Record, 2nd ed. Cambridge 1989Richard son of Nigel, The Course of the Exchequer, trans. C. Johnson, London1950. History

Robocop A Postmodern Film Study Essay Example For Students

Robocop A Postmodern Film Study Essay 1. Discuss what you find most striking/interesting/relevant/significant/innovative about the film and why. There are many striking facets that the film Robocop present from the pervasive and sharp social satire of capitalism, the media and American society, but the most striking aspect for me personally is the heavy use of Christian symbolism, in the most vivid style. This stems greatly from the use of the main character Alex Murphy or later known as Robocop as a Christ figure. As a film, in terms of visual representation alone this connection to Christ can be seen in several scenes. First of all in Murphys death scene, it is the most dramatic, drawn out and methodically visceral. The process seems completely to follow step by step with the crucifixion story, with Murphy being forced onto the floor as though being put on the cross and the subsequent shooting off of the hand recounts Jesus hands being nailed to the cross. He furthermore is shot in the chest several times and finally suffers a head wound like that of the crown of thorns. One may argue it is simply the style of the film with over the top violence, but it also highlights one of the key aspects of the Christ allegory â€Å" the systematic pain and torture endured during the crucifixion. More visual Christian symbolism is used late in the film, in the concluding battle against Clarence Boddicker, the character Robocop, trapped and unable to move, is seen being pierced with a broken rod as for when Jesus was pierced with a lance during his crucifixion. This is just minutes after Robocop is seen striding across the water almost as though he was miraculously walking on it as Jesus is said to have done. In the same story he is said to have saved a sinking apostle, whereas in the film, Robocop was saving his partner who too had fallen into the water. In terms of non-visual symbolism, Murphys death and return to life as Robocop speaks of the resurrection of Christ. Furthermore he embodies the idea of Christ being from two different worlds as that of the human and machine, but also perhaps as the lowly working class man, fighting in the dark Old Detroit and the upper class corporate personification, whose offices tower above in the sky. Whilst the idea of a Messianic figure in science fiction film is not new, such as the alien Klaatu from the movie The Day the Earth Stood Still, ? in Robocop the emphasis becomes more uniquely about the Christ figure than any Christian theme or message unlike with The Day the Earth Stood Still which aimed to also speak of universal brotherhood and peace. 2. The Collapse of Time and Space The Postmodern Aside from this, another large element in this film is the issue of postmodernism that is dealt explicitly alongside the satirical tone of the movie. Firstly, the film itself could be seen as a postmodern version of Frankenstein, The Terminator or Blade Runner. It is likewise a pastiche, involving the traditional themes of the lone hero of the Western, elements of gangster, revenge and horror. Yet it also mixes in the new ideas of commercialism, technology and the strong female character. Another element of the postmodern is the large presence of the all-powerful corporation. There is a great use of commercials selling products such as Family Heart Centre selling Yamaha ? hearts and the car 6000 SUX which in the commercial can be read as GOOD SUCKS ?, a direct implication that consumerism and capitalism may lead to moral decay. In fact only the criminals drive, rich or poor, drive this car. Robocop himself is stated explicitly to be a product of Omni Consumer Products (OCP). The power of the corporation is also portrayed when Robocop is unable to arrest the senior officers Dick Jones despite his crimes as he has programmed a directive into Robocop, effectively keeping him immune from the law. .u736dc3768e7e4df398647efd22c0db79 , .u736dc3768e7e4df398647efd22c0db79 .postImageUrl , .u736dc3768e7e4df398647efd22c0db79 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u736dc3768e7e4df398647efd22c0db79 , .u736dc3768e7e4df398647efd22c0db79:hover , .u736dc3768e7e4df398647efd22c0db79:visited , .u736dc3768e7e4df398647efd22c0db79:active { border:0!important; } .u736dc3768e7e4df398647efd22c0db79 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u736dc3768e7e4df398647efd22c0db79 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u736dc3768e7e4df398647efd22c0db79:active , .u736dc3768e7e4df398647efd22c0db79:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u736dc3768e7e4df398647efd22c0db79 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u736dc3768e7e4df398647efd22c0db79 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u736dc3768e7e4df398647efd22c0db79 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u736dc3768e7e4df398647efd22c0db79 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u736dc3768e7e4df398647efd22c0db79:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u736dc3768e7e4df398647efd22c0db79 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u736dc3768e7e4df398647efd22c0db79 .u736dc3768e7e4df398647efd22c0db79-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u736dc3768e7e4df398647efd22c0db79:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Film Review - Forrest Gump EssayNot only that, OCP has a contract over the police department, privatizing law enforcement, alongside control of the design of the city structure, modern medicine, crime as well as the military. Alongside this powerful corporation is the extreme cold mentality of the corporation to see human lives as disposable commodities in the large scheme for profits. Even when the ED209 droid gruesomely kills an executive, the main reaction is not horror at the loss of life but disappointment in the possible loss of money. Other characters simply pass off the murder as part and parcel of life in the business-oriented city. The ruthlessness continues with the competition between executives Morton and Jones, the later eventually resorts to hiring a criminal to kill off his competition. This idea that money facilitates all human relations can also be seen with the criminals whose interests are only in money and also the police department whose officers wish to strike as they feel the OCP are not running and funding the department well which can be seen from the dilapidated police department compared to OCPs sleek and modern office. And furthermore they feel their jobs and income is threatened by a replacement of machines. It is only the relation between Robocop, a machine, and his partner Lewis that is not based on money. Even Murphys wife selling their home might be due to the sudden loss of income from his death. Another exaggerated allegory of this is from a repeatedly used TV show footage showing a man surrounded by sexualized depictions of women and exclaiming Id buy that for a dollar. ? Another way it presents postmodernism is by blurring reality with virtual reality as well as losing spatial depth. This is done explicitly with us having see through Robocops perspective, which is always a flat screen, mixed with virtual programs even though he is ?seeing ?reality. Another blur in reality is Murphy, a real cop learning a trick from a TV cop as his son doesnt deem his father to be a ?real cop unless he can do what the TV cop does. Temporal perspective is also lost. Robocops memories can be replayed and is often not in a linear progression often jumping back and forth from his reality. Furthermore the films use of abrupt news broadcasts as quick clips that compress global time and events also show this loss of temporal perspective. The clips never indicate that they are one news broadcast thus losing their place in time. In conclusion, while the postmodern spectacle is used and poses problems to the audience, it does not offer too much of a solution and is in fact rather contradictory. It is anxious of automation and corporate systems, but does not show that they are inherent causes for social decay. The President of OCP for example is portrayed as an altruistic businessman who wants to build a better future for Detroit and while there is a fear of machine, Robocop is the one that ultimately wins the day even if he regains some of his humanity. Thus while Robocop uses postmodernism themes explicitly and gives a scathing social satire with primarily negative perspectives, it still offers some room for ambiguity. The only ever clear line in the movie is that good will eventually triumph over evil, with Murphy fighting against dehumanization in the form of technology and corporate society, he eventually evolves into a higher being that tries to have both ways of the conservative human idea with the progressive technological corporation, synthesizing into a new type of person â€Å" a cyborg, who still continues a clear objectivity of the inescapable need for law and social order. As the tagline states, Part man. Part machine.